Characteristics of commonly used CNC machining tools

1. Characteristics of commonly used CNC machining tools


Compared with the cutting tools used on ordinary machine tools, CNC cutting tools have many different requirements, mainly have the following characteristics:


1. Good rigidity (especially rough cutting tool), high precision, vibration resistance and thermal deformation is small;


2. Good interchangeability, the tool durability, geometric shape, dimensional accuracy of the same variety of specifications are basically the same, easy to quickly change the tool;


3. High life, stable and reliable cutting performance;


4. The size of the tool is easy to adjust to reduce the adjustment time of the tool change; Tool adjustment, clamping should be simple and convenient.


5. The tool should be able to reliably break chips or roll chips, in order to facilitate the elimination of chips;


6. Complete modular tool system;


7. Serialization and standardization to facilitate programming and tool management.


2. Types of tools commonly used in NC machining


Nc machining tool must adapt to the characteristics of high speed and high degree of automation of NC machine tool, generally should include universal tool, universal connection tool holder and a few special tool holder. The tool handle should be connected with the tool and installed on the power head of the machine tool, so it has been gradually standardized and serialized. There are many ways to classify NC cutting tools.


1. According to the tool structure, it can be divided into:


1. Integral;


2. Mosaic type, using welding or machine clamp type connection, machine clamp type can be divided into two kinds of non-transposition and transposition;


3. Damping tool;


4. Internal cooling tool;


5. Special type, such as compound tool, reversible tapping tool, etc.


Two, according to the material used in manufacturing tools can be divided into:


1. High speed steel tool;


Carbide tool; 2.


3. Diamond tool;


4. Cubic boron nitride tool;


5. Ceramic cutting tools;


6. Coating tools, etc.


Three, according to the cutting process can be divided into:


1. Turning tool


The tools include outer circle, inner hole, thread, cutting tool, and slot cutting tool, as shown in Figure 2-17.


Commonly used turning tool with high speed steel integral grinding tool, carbide welding tool, clamping indexable tool. At present, the clamp indexable tool has been widely used in NC machining. Using this tool can greatly shorten the auxiliary process time and improve the cutting efficiency.


CNC turning machining more use of clamping indexable tool, tool choice is mainly the choice of blade, that is, blade material choice, blade size choice, blade shape choice, blade tip radius choice.


(1) The blade material is mainly determined by the material of the workpiece to be processed, the precision requirements of the workpiece surface, the size of the cutting load and whether there is impact and vibration in the cutting process.


(2) The blade size mainly refers to the length of the effective cutting edge, which can be determined according to the back cutting amount ap and the main deflection Angle _kr. Please refer to the relevant manual when using.


(3) The shape of the blade is selected according to the surface shape of the workpiece being processed, cutting method, tool life and the number of blade rotations.


(4) The radius of the tool tip directly affects the strength of the tool tip and the surface roughness of the machined parts. Usually in the case of a small amount of back cutting, slender shaft machining or poor machine stiffness, select a small radius of the tool tip arc; In the rough machining requiring high blade strength and large part diameter, select a larger radius of the tool tip.


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